Les démocraties ne meurent plus comme naguère, avec des coups d'État et des tanks dans la rue. Les gouvernements autoritaires s'installent désormais au pouvoir à la suite d'élections régulières.
Commence alors un processus discret de démantèlement des institutions démocratiques qui remet en cause l'indépendance de la justice, limite la liberté de la presse, noyaute les instances arbitrales et redécoupe de manière partisane la carte électorale.
Comment en arrive-t-on là?
C'est la question à laquelle répondent Steven Levitsky et Daniel Ziblatt, avec La Mort des démocraties.
Ils montrent que les institutions démocratiques ne peuvent se défendre toutes seules; elles doivent être encore accompagnées par les bonnes moeurs démocratiques des acteurs politiques: la tolérance et la retenue. Sans quoi elles se vident de leur substance.
Dans ce livre écrit dans une langue claire, Levitsky et Ziblatt analysent les dictatures du XXe siècle ainsi que les expériences autoritaires plus récentes en Hongrie, au Venezuela, au Pérou, et... aux États-Unis avec Trump. Ils montrent que l'une des premières causes de la mort des démocraties est l'introduction des comportements de guerre civile à l'intérieur même de nos débats démocratiques. Une leçon plus que jamais nécessaire pour nos démocraties européennes confrontées à la tentation autoritaire.
«Si vous voulez comprendre ce qui se passe [dans notre pays], le livre que vous devez vraiment lire est La Mort des démocraties.» Paul Krugman (Prix Nobel d'économie), The New York Times
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A brilliant book, wise and nuanced. -- Nicholas Kristof, New York Times Comprehensive, enlightening, and terrifyingly timely. -- New York Times Book Review Cool and persuasive... How Democracies Die comes at exactly the right moment. -- The Washington Post Donald Trumps presidency has raised a question that many of us never thought wed be asking: Is our democracy in danger? Harvard professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt have spent more than twenty years studying the breakdown of democracies in Europe and Latin America, and they believe the answer is yes. Democracy no longer ends with a bang--in a revolution or military coup--but with a whimper: the slow, steady weakening of critical institutions, such as the judiciary and the press, and the gradual erosion of long-standing political norms. The good news is that there are several exit ramps on the road to authoritarianism. The bad news is that, by electing Trump, we have already passed the first one. Drawing on decades of research and a wide range of historical and global examples, from 1930s Europe to contemporary Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela, to the American South during Jim Crow, Levitsky and Ziblatt show how democracies die--and how ours can be saved.
Two Harvard professors explain the dangerous world we face today Democracies can die with a coup d'etat - or they can die slowly. This happens most deceptively when in piecemeal fashion, with the election of an authoritarian leader, the abuse of governmental power and the complete repression of opposition. All three steps are being taken around the world - not least with the election of Donald Trump - and we must all understand how we can stop them. In How Democracies Die , Harvard professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt draw insightful lessons from across history - from the rule of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile to the quiet undermining of Turkey's constitutional system by President Recip Erdogan - to shine a light on regime breakdown across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Notably they point to the dangers of an authoritarian leader faced with a major crisis. Based on years of research, they present a deep understanding of how and why democracies die; an alarming analysis of how democracy is being subverted today in the US and beyond; and a guide for maintaining and repairing a threatened democracy, for governments, political parties and individuals. History doesn't repeat itself. But we can protect our democracy by learning its lessons, before it's too late.
Why the world's most resilient dictatorships are products of violent revolution
Revolution and Dictatorship explores why dictatorships born of social revolution-such as those in China, Cuba, Iran, the Soviet Union, and Vietnam-are extraordinarily durable, even in the face of economic crisis, large-scale policy failure, mass discontent, and intense external pressure. Few other modern autocracies have survived in the face of such extreme challenges. Drawing on comparative historical analysis, Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way argue that radical efforts to transform the social and geopolitical order trigger intense counterrevolutionary conflict, which initially threatens regime survival, but ultimately fosters the unity and state-building that supports authoritarianism.
Although most revolutionary governments begin weak, they challenge powerful domestic and foreign actors, often bringing about civil or external wars. These counterrevolutionary wars pose a threat that can destroy new regimes, as in the cases of Afghanistan and Cambodia. Among regimes that survive, however, prolonged conflicts give rise to a cohesive ruling elite and a powerful and loyal coercive apparatus. This leads to the downfall of rival organizations and alternative centers of power, such as armies, churches, monarchies, and landowners, and helps to inoculate revolutionary regimes against elite defection, military coups, and mass protest-three principal sources of authoritarian breakdown.
Looking at a range of revolutionary and nonrevolutionary regimes from across the globe, Revolution and Dictatorship shows why governments that emerge from violent conflict endure.
